Exploring Drought Tolerance in Wheat: Insights from Biochemical, Morphological, and Physiological Responses

This review paper delves into the intricate biochemical foundations underlying drought tolerance mechanisms in wheat plants. exploration encompasses multifaceted aspects, ranging from physiological adaptations to gene expression modulation. Plants like employ repertoire of strategies bolster their resilience against stress. It involves coordinating antioxidant enzymes, osmotic regulators, polyamines, and hormones combat The system is crucial, countering reactive oxygen species produced during drought. Enzymes SOD, CAT, POD are activated protect cells. Osmolytes sugars polyamines maintain cell integrity water retention, while ABA control stomatal closure conservation. Gene highlights plant's adaptability. AP2/ERF factors boost when overexpressed. repression uses motifs EAR reduce for environmental adaptation. shows Overexpressed enhance tolerance. Repression, motif, aids variation. morphological basis study examines how scarcity affects different growth stages wheat, such as germination, tillering, flowering, grain filling. identifies physio-morphological traits that could serve indicators resilience, providing a new way breed stress resistance. Furthermore, this article also explains plant characteristics important adapting drought, including photosynthesis, relations, nutrient uptake, oxidative state, balance, hormonal consequences. Each facet contributes web allow plants withstand thrive under conditions. Comprehending these breeding drought-tolerant ensuring food security amid climate change.